Wednesday 4 February 2015

Question 2: Audience (practice essay)

AUDIENCE

In media products like a film opening or music video, it is important to appeal to an audience in order to achieve the primary aim; sell/ become popular. The target audience for our music video production was females aged 17-25 who were middle class and enjoyed embracing their female-hood. To research what our audience wanted, we looked at artists similar to our genre (indie), such as Lana Del Rey, and found out what their audiences like. From this, we found that the vintage/ retro theme is a big hit (like in American 50s/60s culture) and also someone/ some people to identify with and idolise is very popular. The reason they want these things can be explained by Blumler and Katz who think that audiences want media products that gratify particular needs, for example to escape or for entertainment. Our audiences wanted someone to identify with, therefore they would be watching is to gratify that particular need.

Within the music video we used camera shots to attract/ engage the audience in the following ways. We used close ups of the main artist Emma to help our audience identify with the main artist. As there was a clear gap in the market for our girl band, we rolled with this. The girl band is not seen as superficial, they are seen as down to earth girls. Therefore, the use of close ups aided the identification for our audience as we focused on this down to earth girl who audience members would idolise. The motive behind these close ups support the theory proposed by Blumler and Katz. Another theory which helps understand why we did this is by Andrew Goodwin who believes the use of close ups is important to appreciate the “star persona” of the lead singer. The majority of our shots were close ups and therefore our audience was able to appreciate the “star persona” of the lead singer as well as identify with her.

The way in which we edited the music video uses the hypodermic needle theory proposed by Frankfurt School. This theory thinks that audiences might be directly influenced by media products as the producer of the product injects what the audience’s wants into them. So, with our editing, we used many effects over the top of shots like retro/ vintage filters as this is what we found out our audiences wanted with similar artists such as Lana Del Rey. We also cut the shots to be really fast and create a certain pace of the video, which in turn became more enjoyable and entertaining to watch for the audience.

For sound, we applied Carol Vernallis’ theory of cutting the music to the beat. The prime purpose of this is to reflect the experiential properties of sound. We found this to be really effective and enjoyable for the audience as it successfully reflected the experiential properties of sound, which means that the properties of our sound was based on observation. This resulted in the beat of our music cutting directly when certain observations could be made in our music video. For example, when the very first beat drops, it shows one of the members of the girl band dropping into the water at the exact same time. This was consumed by our audience and applying Carol Vernallis’ theory proved to be a successful move.


To conclude, it was really important to consider our target audience in depth as they are the primary consumers. The consideration of our audience affected our production overall as we were able to receive appropriate and helpful feedback which aided the improvement of certain aspects of our music video production and resulted in a more successful grade. 

How do teenagers consume the media?


Henry A Giroux

His theory: 
Youth reflects adult concerns (negative stories sell)
Media representation of youth does not reflect reality of youth identity
Serves the purpose of the middle class adults who produce them
Reinforces hegemony

Media representation of youth does not reflect reality of youth identity 

An example of a teen drunk driver, reflecting adult concerns and generalising to all teens


An example of good GCSE results for teens, which won't be generalised to all teens as it does not serve the purpose of the middle class adults who produce them 



Both texts have been taken from the newspaper, The Daily Mail 

Comparison of hegemony of 40s compared with more present times:
"Cavender (1999) shows how hegemonic masculine models were constructed differently in feature films in the 1940s compared with the 1980s. This is not just a matter of the characters written into the scripts. Practice at the local level—that is, the actual face-to-face interaction of shooting the film as
an actor—ultimately constructs hegemonic masculine fantasy models at the society-wide or regional level."
(^ http://xyonline.net/sites/default/files/Connell,%20Hegemonic%20masculinity_0.pdf) 

Monday 2 February 2015

Hegemonic values

Were Marxists right in asserting that many media texts encode hegemonic values that support the status quo?
This is correct because in general, there is a negative view of teenagers in the media. The status quo (negative view of teenagers) is supported by hegemonic values (that all teenagers are scary and will harm you) and this is encoded by media texts such as newspaper, The Sun. An example of this is as follows:

<-- this is a prime example of a media text (The Sun newspaper) encoding hegemonic values (that all teenagers get drunk consistently) that support the status quo (the general negative view of teenagers in the media)

















Have minority ideologies such as gay rights now become hegemonic? How does the media promote such ideologies?
Yes, minority ideologies such as gay rights have now become hegemonic. This is promoted through the use of campaigns, such as the gay rights pardoning campaign by Benedict Cumberbatch:

 This gains support from media texts such as newspapers and is popular on social networking pages such as Twitter









Does a liberal elite or capitalist elite control the media? Research who owns the main media companies 
A capitalist elite controls the media as this is people such as Rupert Murdoch. Figures such as he has the power to decide what goes into the media, and can perpetuate the negative stereotypes of teenagers which is the hegemonic values that support the status quo - a negative story is more likely to sell!